Fault Valuation on Load Variations of Power Distribution Network Using MATLAB Simulink

Abstract

Abstract

The power grid comprises the generation, transmission and the distribution networks.  These networks work collectively to supply needed electrical power to consumers. At the end of the distribution system, via service lines, are the consumer units. Though each network of the grid has different loading, the generation and transmission networks are lightly loaded and are seen to be the most important parts of the network since they carry generated power to communities where consumers are located. Load variations affect the distribution network in various ways including overloading and introduction of harmonics into the network. The distribution network that serves Adweso community in the Koforidua district of Ghana, which is an active 11 kV transmission bus delivering apparent power of 500 kVA is considered for the research. This network was modeled using three-phase source with phase–to–phase parameter, set to 11 kV and apparent power parameter of 0.5 MVA. A series R-L-C load delivering an impedance with parameters R = 5 Ω and X_L = 0.314 Ω was applied in the modeling. This research assesses the effect of variation of loads on the performance of the distribution system with respect to stability and balance of the network. Modelling and simulation of the distribution network at Adweso in the Koforidua district of Ghana indicated that excessive loading of distribution busbar results in the distortion of the voltage profile and the reduction of power quality. For heavy loading conditions without adequate compensation, situation may worsen and culminate in high tariffs if end-user loadings on the busbars are not balanced. During network extension and grid expansion, load forecasting enables appropriate sizing of devices for reactive power compensation and helps in proper load-balance monitoring and proper management of the distribution network.